Gynecologic cancers

How CenterWell Specialty Pharmacy® can help

Gynecologic cancer is any cancer that starts in a woman's reproductive organs. When faced with a diagnosis, it’s normal to feel confused or unsure of where to turn. Learn about the differences between the 5 types of gynecologic cancers and how we can support you on the road ahead.

The 5 types of gynecologic cancers

Cervical cancer¹

Cervical cancer is a disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the cervix. The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer.

Ovarian cancer²

Ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers are diseases in which cancer cells form in the tissue covering the ovary or lining the fallopian tube or peritoneum. These cancers all form in the same type of tissue, so they are all treated the same way.

Uterine cancer³

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus, also known as the endometrium. It typically affects women after menopause.

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Vaginal cancer⁴

Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the cells lining the vagina. It’s most common in women over 60, and the risk increases with age. Vaginal cancer is usually caused by HPV.

Vulvar cancer⁵


Vulvar cancer is a disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the vulva. Although it is a rare type of cancer, it is more common in older women.


Each gynecologic cancer is unique, even though there are shared signs and symptoms in some cases. All women are at risk for gynecologic cancers, and the risk increases with age. Some of the signs and symptoms are:

Cervical cancer¹

  • Pain during intercourse
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Unusual vaginal discharge
  • Vaginal bleeding

Ovarian cancer²

  • Irregular or heavy vaginal bleeding
  • Frequent urination
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Trouble eating or feeling full quickly

Uterine cancer³

  • Abnormal Pap test results
  • Bleeding or spotting in between periods, especially after menopause
  • Pelvic pain or pressure

Vaginal cancer⁴

  • Difficulty urinating
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Swollen legs

Vulvar cancer⁵

  • Bleeding from the vulva
  • Itching, burning or pain in the vulva
  • Visible lumps or sores in or on the vulva

CenterWell Specialty Pharmacy distributes medications to treat gynecologic cancer, as directed by your prescriber. Because each type requires specific treatments, there are therapies and medications associated with each.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy treats most gynecologic cancers by blocking an enzyme called topoisomerase I, which is needed for DNA replication. When DNA replication is blocked, cancer cells cannot grow.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy uses your own immune system to fight cancer by boosting or changing how the immune system works to attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy can be effective in treating cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers. 

Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy uses medication or other substances to identify and attack certain types of cancer cells while not affecting your healthy cells.

Hormonal therapy

Hormonal therapy works by blocking or reducing the effects of hormones that can stimulate the growth of cancer cells. It can be an effective treatment for all 5 gynecological cancers.

Specialists who work remotely to support you wherever you are

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Emotional support

Get 1-on-1 support from healthcare professionals who understand what you’re going through. We’ll listen to your concerns, answer your questions and help you manage any stress or anxiety.

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Financial assistance

Don’t stress the bills. We work with financial assistance programs like grants, foundations and manufacturers to help you get the care you need. We’ll also assist you with the application process.

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Clinical guidance

Receive personalized support regularly and instructions on how to take your meds. We’ll also work with your doctor to adjust your therapy if you’re experiencing side effects.

Sources

  1. "Cervical Cancer Treatment," Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, last accessed September 28, 2023.
  2. "Ovarian Cancer Treatment," Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, last accessed September 28, 2023.
  3. "Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer)," Cleveland Clinic, last accessed September 28, 2023.
  4. "Vaginal cancer," Mayo Clinic, last accessed September 28, 2023.
  5. "Vulvar Cancer," Johns Hopkins Medicine, last accessed September 28, 2023.